Amy Barger IfA Resolving the Extragalactic Submillimeter and X-ray Backgrounds New populations of galaxies are revealed in the recent resolution of the cumulative extragalactic background emissions into discrete sources. Star formation and AGN activity hidden by dust are detected at submillimeter wavelengths by the revolutionary SCUBA camera. A rich assortment of hard X-ray sources are found in deep observations with the recently launched Chandra telescope. The nature, redshifts, and significance of these galaxy populations will be discussed.