Jeff Kuhn Michigan State University What Makes the Sun a Variable Star -- New Helioseismic, Photometric and Numerical Insights On short timescales we tend to think of Main Sequence stars as static, one-dimensional astrophysical building blocks. In fact, we now know that the large scale solar structure is neither spherically symmetric, nor static. While many of these perturbations are subtle they are profound enough to suggest important problems in our understanding of stellar convection and rotation. Stellar convection is a difficult, multi-scale problem, linking widely separated time and length scales, but through recent advances in photometry, helioseismology, and numerical simulation a new understanding of some of these longstanding problems has been generated.