Title: Galaxy Cluster Structure and Cosmology Joe Mohr University of Illinois Abstract: The near infrared, radio and X-ray properties of galaxy clusters provide important insights into the evolution of galaxies within clusters and the use of clusters to precisely study cosmology. In principle, galaxy cluster surveys are enormously powerful tools for determining the nature of the dark energy and delivering a precise measurement of the expansion history of the universe. Large scale efforts at mm-wave, X-ray, optical and near infrared wavelengths are underway to employ this tool. However, there are significant challenges or astrophysical systematics facing upcoming galaxy cluster studies of the dark energy. These include developing a precise understanding of the survey selection and controlling cluster mass uncertainties. New techniques are being developed to meet these challenges.