| Spring 2005 | Joshua Barnes | Wed, Fri 2:00 to 3:15 |
| BT | 1 | INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1 | An Overview of the Observations | |
| 1 Stars | ||
| 2 The Galaxy | ||
| 3 Other galaxies | ||
| 4 Open and globular clusters | ||
| 5 Groups and clusters of galaxies | ||
| 6 Galactic nuclei | ||
| SG | 1.1 | The stars |
| 1.2 | Our Milky Way | |
| 1.3 | Other Galaxies | |
| BM | 1 | GALAXIES: AN OVERVIEW |
| 1.1 | Introduction | |
| 1.2 | A Brief History of Galactic Astronomy | |
| 1.2.1 | Photometric models of the Milky Way | |
| 1.2.2 | The nature of the spiral nebulae | |
| 1.2.3 | Kinematic models of the Milky Way | |
| 1.2.4 | Stellar populations | |
| 1.2.5 | More recent developments |
| BM | 4.1 | Morphological Classification of Galaxies |
| 4.1.1 | The Hubble sequence | |
| 4.1.2 | Effects of environment | |
| 4.1.3 | The galaxy luminosity function | |
| 4.1.4 | The Local Group |
| BM | 4.2 | Surface Photometry of Galaxies |
| 4.2.1 | The night sky | |
| 4.2.2 | Effect of seeing | |
| 4.2.3 | Deprojecting galaxy images | |
| 4.3 | Photometry of Elliptical Galaxies | |
| 4.3.1 | Radial surface-brightness profiles of elliptical galaxies | |
| 4.3.2 | Color and line-strength gradients of elliptical galaxies | |
| 4.3.3 | Shapes of elliptical galaxies | |
| 4.3.4 | Correlations among global parameters of elliptical galaxies | |
| SG | 6.1 | Photometry |
| 6.1.1 | The shapes of elliptical galaxies | |
| 6.1.2 | Twisty, disky, or boxy? |
| BM | 8.3 | The ISM in Elliptical Galaxies |
| 8.3.1 | X-ray emitting plasma | |
| 8.3.2 | Cool gas in ellipticals | |
| 11.1 | Measuring the Kinematics of External Galaxies | |
| 11.1.1 | Mean velocities and velocity dispersions | |
| 11.1.2 | Analysis of line profiles | |
| 11.1.3 | Position-velocity diagrams and data cubes | |
| 11.2 | The Stellar Kinematics of Elliptical Galaxies | |
| 11.2.1 | Large-scale properties | |
| 11.2.2 | Core properties | |
| SG | 6.2.1 | Measuring stellar velocities |
| 6.2.2 | The Faber-Jackson relation and the fundamental plane | |
| 6.3 | Stellar Populations and Gas | |
| 6.5.1 | Rich clusters of galaxies |
| BT | 6.1 | 1 Observations |
| BM | 4.4 | Photometry of Disk Galaxies |
| 4.4.1 | Photometric effects of dust | |
| 4.4.2 | Overall shapes of disk galaxies | |
| 4.4.3 | Bulge-disk decomposition | |
| 4.4.4 | Shapes of bulges | |
| 4.4.5 | Color and metalicity gradients in disk galaxies | |
| 4.4.6 | Spiral structure in disk galaxies | |
| 4.4.7 | Barred galaxies | |
| SG | 5.1.2 | Surface photometry of disk galaxies |
| 5.2.2 | Cool gas in the disk | |
| 5.4.1 | Observed spiral patterns | |
| 5.4.3 | Barred disks | |
| 5.5 | Bulges and the Centers of Disk Galaxies |
| BM | 8.2 | The ISM in Disk Galaxies |
| 8.2.1 | Global measures | |
| 8.2.2 | Radial density profiles | |
| 8.2.3 | Azimuthal distributions | |
| 8.2.4 | Velocity fields of disks | |
| 8.2.5 | S0 galaxies | |
| 8.2.6 | Metallicities of disk galaxies | |
| 8.2.7 | Magnetic fields | |
| 8.2.8 | Star formation in disk galaxies | |
| 11.3 | The Stellar Kinematics of Disk Galaxies | |
| 11.3.1 | Bulge kinematics | |
| 11.3.2 | Disk kinematics | |
| SG | 5.3 | Gas Motions and the Masses of Disk Galaxies |
| 5.3.1 | The rotation curve | |
| 5.3.3 | The Tully-Fisher relations | |
| Interlude: the sequence of disk galaxies | ||
| 5.6.1 | Gas in groups of galaxies |
| BM | 7.3 | Relative Distance Indicators |
| 7.3.1 | Luminosities of variable stars | |
| 7.3.2 | Luminosity functions | |
| 7.3.3 | Novae and supernovae | |
| 7.3.4 | Distances from galaxy kinematics | |
| 7.3.5 | Surface brightness fluctuations | |
| 7.4 | Results | |
| 7.4.1 | Distances within the Local Group | |
| 7.4.2 | Distances beyond the Local Group | |
| 7.4.3 | The asymptotic Hubble constant |
| BT | 2 | 1 General results |
| 2.1 | Spherical Systems | |
| 1 Newton's theorems | ||
| 2 Potentials of some simple systems | ||
| 2.2 | Potential-Density Pairs for Flattened Systems | |
| 1 Plummer-Kuzmin models | ||
| 2 Logarithmic potentials | ||
| 2.6 | 3 Disk potentials via Bessel functions | |
| SG | 3.1 |
| BT | 3.1 | Orbits in Static Spherical Potentials |
| 1 Constants and integrals of the motion | ||
| 3.2 | Orbits in Axisymmetric Potentials | |
| 1 Motion in the meridional plane | ||
| 2 Surfaces of section | ||
| 3.3 | Orbits in Planar Non-Axisymmetric Potentials | |
| 1 Two-dimensional nonrotating potential | ||
| 3.4 | Orbits in Three-Dimensional Triaxial Potentials | |
| 1 Nonrotating potential | ||
| SG | 3.1 | Motion Under Gravity |
| 6.2.4 | Stellar orbits in a triaxial galaxy |
| BT | 4 | 1 The relaxation time |
| 4.1 | The Collisionless Boltzmann Equation | |
| SG | 3.2 | Why the Galaxy isn't Bumpy: Two-Body Relaxation |
| 3.2.1 | Strong close encounters | |
| 3.2.2 | Distant weak encounters | |
| 3.4 | The Collisionless Boltzmann Equation |
| BT | 2.8 | Numerical Methods |
| BT | 10.1 | 6 Rotation curves of galaxies |
| 7(a) Tidal radii | ||
| 7(b) Disk stability | ||
| SG | 5.3.2 | Dark matter in disk galaxies |
| BT | 4.3 | The Virial Equations |
| SG | 6.2.3 | How fast should an elliptical galaxy rotate? |
| BT | 4.2 | The Jeans Equations |
| 1(d) Velocity dispersions in spherical systems | ||
| 10.1 | 7(c) X-ray halos of elliptical galaxies | |
| SG | 6.4 | Dark matter and black holes |
| 6.4.1 | Dark halos |
| SG | 6.4.2 | Central black holes? |
| BT | 6.2 | Wave Mechanics of Differentially Rotating Disks |
| 1 Preliminaries | ||
| 3 Local stability of differentially rotating disks |
| BT | 3.2 | 3 Nearly circular orbits: epicycles and the velocity ellipsoid |
| 6.3 | 2(a) The swing amplifier | |
| 6.4 | Theories of Spiral Structure | |
| 1 The Lin-Shu hypothesis | ||
| 2 Other density-wave theories | ||
| 3 Other theories | ||
| 4 Summary |
| BT | 3.3 | 2 Two-dimensional rotating potential |
| 3.3 | 3 Weak bars | |
| 6.3 | Global Stability of Differentially Rotating Disks | |
| 1 Numerical work on disk stability | ||
| 2(b) Feedback loops | ||
| 2(c) Physical interpretation of the bar instability | ||
| 6.5 | Bars | |
| 1 Bars as stellar systems | ||
| Gas dynamics in barred galaxies | ||
| Summary |
| BT | 6.6 | Warps |
| SG | 7.1 |
| BT | 7.1 |
| BT | 7.4 |
| BT | 9.1 |
| BT | 9.2 |
| BM | 10.1 | |
| 10.2 | ||
| 10.4 | ||
| 10.5 |
| BM | 10.3 |
| Dark matter in disk galaxies | SG 5.3; BT 10.1.6, 10.1.7(a), 10.1.7(b) |
| Shapes of elliptical galaxies | BT 4.3; SG 6.2.3 |
| Dark matter in elliptical galaxies | BT 10.1.7(c); SG 6.4.1 |
| Evidence for nuclear black holes | SG 6.4.2 |
| Local stability of disk galaxies | BT 6.2 |
| Theories of spiral structure | BT 6.3, 6.4 |
| The bar instability | BT 6.5 |
| Warped disk galaxies | BT 6.6 |
| Groups, clusters & LSS | SG 7.1 (to p. 289) |
| Interactions & dynamical friction | BT 7.1 |
| Mergers & starburst galaxies | BT 7.4 |
| Spectrophotometric evolution | BT 9.1 |
| Chemical evolution | BT 9.2 |
| Evolution of star clusters | |
| Processes in galactic nuclei | |
| Populations & components | BM 10.1, 10.2, 10.4, 10.5 |
| Kinematics of the disk | BM 10.3 |
| Moving groups & other relics |