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The behavior of near- and mid-infrared emission lines in star-forming regions


Since the earliest stages of massive star formation are generally heavily enshrouded by dust, infrared observations are essential to detect the youngest stellar populations and provide various diagnostic features to study the properties of the interstellar matter (ISM) and the underlying stars. We modeled the age evolution of near- and mid-infrared spectral features during the youngest stages of star formation (younger than 6 Myr) as a function of metallicity, nebular density, and ionization parameter. The results of this model grid are available in the table below.

Recently, mid-infrared instruments have become available on several large ground-based telescopes, resulting in data sets with unprecedented spatial resolution at these long wavelengths. The main motivation for our study was to investigate the spectral features observable from the ground (within the N- and Q-band atmospheric windows; 8 - 13 and 16.5 - 24.5 μm respectively). So, complementary to the more commonly used mid-infrared line ratios, e.g. [NeIII]/[NeII] and [SIV]/[SIII], the behaviour of 'ground-based-only' diagnostics like [SIV]/[ArIII] and [SIII]/[NeII] can be found in this online data set.

We used Starburst99 to create the input SEDs for our models; stellar clusters of a million Msun, formed in a single burst, with a Salpeter IMF between 0.1 and 100 Msun, and metallicities of Z=0.4, 1, and 2 Zsun. Nebular properties were varied, with a density of 1e2, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, and 1e6 cm-3, and ionization parameters between 2e7 and 8e8 cm s-1.

The model grid is explained in detail in:
Snijders, Kewley & Van der Werf, 2007, submitted to ApJ.

The data available for downloading include the results for every nebular density, ionization parameter and metallicity, also the ones not shown in the figures in the paper. For each metallicity a tar-package can be downloaded, each holding three tables:
  • the age evolution of various emission line ratios - [NeIII]/[NeII], [SIV]/SIII], [SIV]/[ArIII], [SIII]/[NeII], and HeI/HI - as a function of density and ionization parameter
  • the values for [SIII]33.5μm/[SIII]18.7μm as a function of density
  • the equivalenth width of the hydrogen recombination line Brγ as a function of age.
The tables are given both in ascii and ps.

0.4Zsun1Zsun2Zsun
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(March 21th 2007) - Leonie Snijders